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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507

摘要：

● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.

关键词： heavy metals     dairy manure     hydrochar     hydrothermal carbonization     waste management    

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Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairycow manure

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 280-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018215

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions due to biological degradation processes of animal wastes are significant sources of air pollution from agricultural areas. The major environmental controls on these microbe-induced gas fluxes are temperature and moisture content. The objective of this study was to model the effects of temperature and moisture content on emissions of CO and CH during the ambient drying process of dairy manure under controlled conditions. Gas emissions were continuously recorded over 15 d with paired fully automated closed dynamic chambers coupled with a Fourier Transformed Infrared gas analyzer. Water content and temperature were measured and monitored with capacitance sensors. In addition, on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, pH, moisture content, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon (TC) were determined. An empirical model derived from the Arrhenius equation confirmed high dependency of carbon emissions on temperature and moisture content. Results indicate that for the investigated dairy manure, 6.83% of TC was lost in the form of CO and 0.047% of TC was emitted as CH . Neglecting the effect of temperature, the moisture contents associated with maximum gas emissions were estimated as 0.75 and 0.79 g·g for CO and CH , respectively.

关键词： carbon dioxide     dairy manure     methane     moisture     temperature    

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INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

Jouke OENEMA, Oene OENEMA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 130-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020376

摘要： Many grassland-based dairy farms are intensifying production, i.e., produce more milk per ha of land in response to the increasing demand for milk (by about 2% per year) in a globalized market. However, intensive dairy farming has been implicated for its resources use, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication impacts. This paper addresses the question of how the intensity of dairy production relates to N and P surpluses and use efficiencies on farms subjected to agri-environmental regulations. Detailed monitoring data were analyzed from 2858 grassland-based dairy farms in The Netherlands for the year 2015. The farms produced on average 925 Mg·yr milk. Milk production per ha ranged from<10 to>30 Mg·ha ·yr . Purchased feed and manure export strongly increased with the level of intensification. Surpluses of N and P at farm level remained constant and ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification. In conclusion, N and P surpluses did not differ much among dairy farms greatly differing in intensity due to legal N and P application limits and obligatory export of manure surpluses to other farms. Further, N and P use efficiencies also did not differ among dairy farms differing in intensity provided the externalization of feed production was accounted for. This paper provides lessons for proper monitoring and control of N and P cycling in dairy farming.

关键词： ammonia     externalization     feed     forage maize     front runners     manure production     milk yield     nitrogen surplus    

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INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 81-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020365

摘要： Livestock production in the United States (US) and Canada is diverse, but shows a common trend in most livestock sectors toward fewer farms producing the majority of animal products despite a large number of farms still small in production scale. The migration to larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in beef finishing and poultry, swine, and dairy production allows processors to streamline supplies to meet market demand for abundant, low-cost livestock products, whether that be for packaged meat, dairy products, or eggs. With concentration of livestock operations comes the challenge of managing manures. When sufficient land is available and nutrients are needed, livestock manure is an excellent nutrient source and land application is the preferred method of recycling this resource. However, when livestock production is constrained in a geographical area and animal densities are high, manure may become an environmental liability with potentially greater risk for runoff and leaching of nutrients, emission of odors, ammonia, and greenhouse gases, and release to the environment of pathogens and chemicals of emerging concern. Addressing these challenges now and into the future requires learning from mistakes and adopting successful approaches. We describe different levels of integration between livestock and crop producers in New York, British Columbia, and the south-eastern US as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Examples show that effective solutions should recognize (1) manure has value and is not just a cost, (2) farmers, farm advisors, extension educators, nutrient management planners, crop advisors, nutritionists, state agency personnel, regulators, and university researchers need to be active participants in development of solutions, and (3) change to a sustainable future requires a combination of government regulation and outcome-based incentives.

关键词： cropland     dairy manure     nutrient cycling     pastureland     poultry manure     swine manure    

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HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 238-244 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022445

摘要：

Producing sufficient high-quality forage to meet the increasing domestic demand for safe and nutritious milk products is one of the critical challenges that Chinese dairy farms are facing. The increased forage biomass production, mainly contributed by agrochemicals inputs in China, is accompanied by tremendous impacts on the ecology of dairy farms and soil quality. This paper presents a framework for healthy dairy farms in which targeted management practices are applied for quality milk products with minimal adverse environmental impacts. The paper also summarizes biodiversity management practices at the field and landscape scales toward lessening inputs of water, fertilizers, pesticides and mitigating soil compaction. Dairy farming with biodiversity-driven technologies and solutions will be more productive in producing quality milk and minimizing environmental damage.

关键词： biodiversity / dairy farm / one health concept / soil health    

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020372

摘要： This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha in 2000/2001 to 2.85 cows ha in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).

关键词： dairy farms     environmental impacts     grazing systems     intensification     mitigation    

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).

• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.

• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N2O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.

• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.

 

This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha−1 in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha−1 in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr−1 per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz

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Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要：

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词： cheese yield     infrared analysis     milk quality     real-time measurement     sensor    

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INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Monitoring data of>5000 dairy farms collected and examined in uniform manner.

• Environmental performances of farms influenced by government regulations.

• N and P surpluses at farm level remained about constant with intensity level.

• N and P use efficiencies at farm, herd and soil increased with intensity level.

• Accounting for externalization of off-farm feed production affects NUE and PUE.

• Ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification.

 

Many grassland-based dairy farms are intensifying production, i.e., produce more milk per ha of land in response to the increasing demand for milk (by about 2% per year) in a globalized market. However, intensive dairy farming has been implicated for its resources use, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication impacts. This paper addresses the question of how the intensity of dairy production relates to N and P surpluses and use efficiencies on farms subjected to agri-environmental regulations. Detailed monitoring data were analyzed from 2858 grassland-based dairy farms in The Netherlands for the year 2015. The farms produced on average 925 Mg·yr−1 milk. Milk production per ha ranged from<10 to>30 Mg·ha−1·yr−1. Purchased feed and manure export strongly increased with the level of intensification. Surpluses of N and P at farm level remained constant and ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification. In conclusion, N and P surpluses did not differ much among dairy farms greatly differing in intensity due to legal N and P application limits and obligatory export of manure surpluses to other farms. Further, N and P use efficiencies also did not differ among dairy farms differing in intensity provided the externalization of feed production was accounted for. This paper provides lessons for proper monitoring and control of N and P cycling in dairy farming.

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EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023487

摘要：

● Research on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen emissions is necessary for the pig industry.

关键词： additives     composting     heavy metals passivation     nitrogen retention     pig manure    

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Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended paddy soils across eastern China: Occurrence and influencing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1499-y

摘要：

• Manure fertilization resulted in antibiotic residues and increased metal contents.

关键词： Pig manure     Antibiotics     Metals     Antibiotic resistance genes     Paddy fields    

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LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE MANAGEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON NEUTRALITY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 341-362 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023509

摘要：

● Carbon reduction potential of manure treatment technologies was summarized.

关键词： valorization of animal manure     manure management     carbon emission     carbon footprint     methodology     carbon trading    

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Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

摘要：

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD.

关键词： Pig manure     Antibiotics     Anaerobic digestion     Resistance genes     Microbial community    

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Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO and NO emissions in agricultural and forest

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1473-8

摘要：

• Earthworms increase CO2 and N2O emissions in agricultural and forest soil.

关键词： Carbon sequestration     Forest soil     Cattle manure biochar     Greenhouse gas emissions     Soil fauna    

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POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Manure utilization is hindered by separate specialist crop and livestock production systems.

• Improving manure utilization requires organizations for manure exchange.

• Policies and action plans for improving manure utilization are critically reviewed.

• A manure chain approach with third-party contractors is recommended.

 

Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

期刊论文

Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairycow manure

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

期刊论文

INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

Jouke OENEMA, Oene OENEMA

期刊论文

INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS

期刊论文

HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS

期刊论文

NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

期刊论文

NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

期刊论文

Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

期刊论文

INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

期刊论文

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

期刊论文

Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended paddy soils across eastern China: Occurrence and influencing

期刊论文

LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE MANAGEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON NEUTRALITY IN CHINA

期刊论文

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin

期刊论文

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO and NO emissions in agricultural and forest

期刊论文

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

期刊论文